The challenges of nuclear technology

The world's energy system is mainly based on consumption of fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas: 80%, nuclear energy: 7%, hydraulic energy: 10.5%,
biomass and renewables: 2.5%). As for electricity generation, the percentages are approximately as follows: oil, coal and gas, 64%; nuclear, 17%; hydraulic, 19%; while the rest are other renewables. Energy consumption is increasing continually as a result of the demographic growth and strong economic development of certain emerging countries. In spite of this, more than 1,500 million people still do not have access to electrical power. This growth represents a constant increase in electricity consumption and, at the same time, in the emission of greenhouse gases. However, at present, there is a general awareness that fossil energy sources have a limited life, which in the case of oil (and based on the current rate of consumption) could be around 30 years. Therefore, the current system of energy generation is already unsustainable and, over the short term, could produce problems of supply (mainly for oil), as well as an increase in the price of energy.
In short, what we could call "the energy challenge" is becoming one of the great challenges of our society.